Gallery|WaterWater salinity hurting farmers, livestock in IraqIraq’s rising water salinity devastates farms, livestock and drives displacement in southern provinces.

Recent data highlights significant increases in salinity levels in southern Iraq, adversely affecting water quality and agricultural productivity. The Ministry of Water Resources reported that salinity levels in central Basra province have risen to approximately 29,000 parts per million (ppm) as of last month, compared to 2,600 ppm the previous year. For context, freshwater typically contains less than 1,000 ppm of dissolved salts, while ocean water is about 35,000 ppm.

The high salinity levels have had a detrimental impact on agriculture in the region. The United Nations reports that nearly a quarter of women in Basra and surrounding provinces are employed in agriculture, and many are experiencing significant challenges due to water quality issues. Damage to palm groves, citrus trees, and other crops has been observed, leading to displacement and livelihood challenges for many families.

According to the UN's International Organization for Migration, approximately 170,000 individuals were displaced in central and southern Iraq last year due to climate-related factors.

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers, originating in Turkiye, are crucial water sources for Iraq. However, the country receives less than 35 percent of its allocated water share, partly due to upstream dams. This has prompted Iraqi authorities to explore alternative solutions, such as desalination projects. In July, the government announced a desalination initiative in Basra with a daily capacity of 1 million cubic meters.

Local residents have reported that the poor water quality is also affecting fish stocks, exacerbating economic hardships for fishermen and their families.

Ongoing efforts are needed to address these challenges through improved water management and infrastructure development.

Based on reporting by Al Jazeera.